By the later 19th/early 20th Century, the African continent was almost completely dominated by European powers (see map).
Continue reading
Tag Archives: 19th century
Resisting Nationalisms in the Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire in 1856 was massive and comprised a large number of varying ethnic, religious, and linguistic groups (see map).
Continue reading
The People’s Charter
The political philosophy of liberalism (a government based on a written constitution and established with the consent of the governed) inspired the British middle class (rapidly growing due to economic changes but still without much political power) and caused them to work for reform in the national government.
Continue reading
Mazzini and Italy
After 1815 and the end of the Napoleonic Wars, a number of political ideologies swept through Europe including liberalism (the idea that nations should be governed by a constitutional government with the consent of the people) and nationalism (an idea which urged for political independence for distinct ethnic and cultural groups). One thinker who combined these two philosophies was the Italian Joseph Mazzini (1805-1872).
Continue reading
The Sadler Committee Report
The new factory manufacturing of the 19th century resulted in massive changes to the working lives of Europeans. Labor conditions were far more dangerous and strenuous than the traditional agricultural labor. In 1832, the UK Parliament held hearings (under David Sadler) to investigate abuses and concerns. Some excerpts from the testimony are below.
Continue reading